Post by Sonal Holankar

Big Data Engineer | ETL Pipelines | SQL | Python | Apache Spark | Data Modeling | Data Pipelines | Cloud (AWS/Azure/GCP) | Big Data Enthusiast | Azure Databricks

🚨 Data Engineering Interview Series: Most Asked SQL Questions 🚨 If you're preparing for a Data Engineer, SQL Developer, Analytics Engineer, or Data Analyst interview, these are the SQL topics that repeatedly appeared in my interviews. šŸ”¹ SQL Fundamentals āœ… DDL vs DML vs DCL vs TCL Commands āœ… Primary Key vs Unique Key āœ… NULL vs NOT NULL āœ… Delete vs Truncate vs Drop āœ… SQL Execution Order šŸ”¹ SQL Joins āœ… Inner Join āœ… Left Join āœ… Right Join āœ… Full Outer Join āœ… Self Join āœ… Cross Join āœ… Left Join vs Inner Join Coding Questions šŸ”ø Find unmatched records from two tables šŸ”ø Employee-Manager hierarchy queries šŸ”ø Customer who never placed an order šŸ”¹ CTE & Subqueries āœ… Why are CTEs useful? āœ… CTE vs Subquery āœ… Recursive CTE āœ… Multiple CTEs in a single query šŸ”¹ SQL Set Operators āœ… UNION vs UNION ALL āœ… INTERSECT āœ… EXCEPT / MINUS šŸ”¹ Indexing & Performance āœ… SQL Query Optimization Techniques āœ… Clustered Index vs Non-Clustered Index āœ… Composite Index āœ… Covering Index āœ… When Indexes Hurt Performance? āœ… Explain Query Execution Plan šŸ”¹ Aggregations āœ… GROUP BY Questions āœ… HAVING vs WHERE āœ… GROUP BY vs HAVING āœ… COUNT(*) vs COUNT(Column) Coding Questions šŸ”ø Find departments with more than 5 employees šŸ”ø Calculate running totals šŸ”ø Monthly sales aggregation šŸ”¹ Window Functions (Most Asked) āœ… ROW_NUMBER() āœ… RANK() āœ… DENSE_RANK() āœ… LEAD() āœ… LAG() āœ… FIRST_VALUE() āœ… LAST_VALUE() āœ… NTILE() Coding Questions šŸ”ø 2nd Highest Salary šŸ”ø Nth Highest Salary šŸ”ø Top 3 salaries per department šŸ”ø Remove duplicate records šŸ”ø Latest record per customer šŸ”ø Consecutive days login problem šŸ”¹ Date & Time Functions āœ… Current Date Functions āœ… Date Difference Calculations āœ… Month End Calculations āœ… Previous Month Data āœ… Rolling 7-Day Metrics Coding Questions šŸ”ø Calculate employee tenure šŸ”ø Find records from last 30 days šŸ”ø Generate date series šŸ”¹ Frequently Asked SQL Coding Problems šŸ”„ Remove Duplicates from a Table šŸ”„ Show Duplicate Records šŸ”„ Top N Records šŸ”„ Top 100 Rows from a Table šŸ”„ Running Total šŸ”„ Moving Average šŸ”„ Pivot & Unpivot Data šŸ”„ Gap and Island Problems šŸ”„ Find Missing IDs šŸ”„ Customers with Consecutive Purchases šŸ”„ Highest Salary in Each Department šŸ”„ Find Employees Earning More Than Their Manager šŸ”¹ Advanced SQL Concepts āœ… Views vs Materialized Views āœ… Stored Procedures vs Functions āœ… Temporary Tables āœ… Transactions & ACID Properties āœ… Normalization vs Denormalization āœ… Star Schema vs Snowflake Schema #DataEngineering #SQL #SQLInterviewQuestions #DataEngineer #BigData #AnalyticsEngineer #Database #ETL #DataWarehouse #Snowflake #Databricks #ApacheSpark #InterviewPreparation #TechCareers #LearnSQL #DataCommunity