Post by Francesco Dergano

Civil engineering and Structural engineering have similar roles. The difference lies in the academic procedure for assessing an expert in road and other civil engineering plans. Or, in structural engineering, your capability to design structures. In most cases, this is sold together to allow you to do civil and structural work; for example, if you want to build a bridge. Architects are customer consultants who can create sketches. Still, the civil and structural engineer remains the project manager, responsible for completing the technical drawings and coordinating with builders and inspections. However, the civil and structural engineer isn't allowed to touch anything; you require a specific specialist holding the proper licence and certification. Industrial engineering, on the other hand, is very similar. Still, you need to have at least the core engineers: most of the time, if it's a machine or robot, you need a mechanical or mechatronics engineer; if it has electricity, you need an electrical and electronics engineer; and if a chemical hazard is involved, you require a chemical engineer. This is the same for goods and facilities design and coordination, except for nuclear power, bombs, propulsion or aerospace, where you require specifically a nuclear engineer or an astrophysicist by standard. Again. This ensures you can design and manage the entire project alone, but you still need a specific expert because you can't touch anything