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𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗻 𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗻𝘂𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗸𝘀, 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗣𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗮 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗴𝗮𝗽 𝗶𝗻 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗻𝘂𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱: 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗺𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗮𝗿, 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗳𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗸 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘄𝗮𝘆. To help address this, in 2023, the Founders Pledge Community made a $2.5 million, three-year grant to Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to support Averting Armageddon, a program focused specifically on intrawar escalation risks between major nuclear powers. The project works with Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program to develop practical, politically feasible escalation-management proposals, drawing on deep expertise across  Russia, China, and U.S. nuclear policy. This includes identifying ways conflicts might be managed or terminated before escalating to large-scale attacks on cities. This work is especially timely. Overall funding for nuclear risk reduction has declined sharply in recent years, even as geopolitical tensions and escalation risks have increased. Founders Pledge’s research suggested this was an area where targeted philanthropic support could help build a new, much-needed focus on tractable risk-reduction strategies. Learn more about our Global Catastrophic Risks Program: founderspledge.com/gcr