Post by Danielle Anne Pamplona

Very grateful to Miguel Ángel Barboza López and Markus Krajewski for their generosity in speaking with our undergraduate and graduate students at Escola de Direito PUCPR. Miguel presented a thoughtful and critical analysis of the IACtHR AO25/32, highlighting especially: • the need to make the standards established by the Court operational at the state level, both legally (through norms and public policies) and technically; and • the importance of continuing to reconcile IIHRL and Environmental Law in order to address emerging challenges that still remain insufficiently explored, such as a just energy transition and the governance of critical minerals for the transition. Markus offered a fascinating explanation of how we arrived at the current process toward a Business and Human Rights treaty, how the negotiations unfold, the main issues currently under discussion at the international level, and also reflected on the potential impacts that the Advisory Opinion may have on the treaty negotiation process itself. Thank you both for such rich, generous, and inspiring conversations with our students.