Istanbul, Türkiye
The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) is the highest legal entity in Turkey representing the private sector. Similar to the patterns of guilds and syndicates, which traditionally organized and represented tradesmen and producers throughout the Turkish History, TOBB, too, adopted a representative role in a democratic and modern society. Today, TOBB has 365 members in the form of local chambers of commerce, industry, commerce and industry, maritime commerce and commodity exchanges.
Turkish Petroleum Industry Association, PETDER, was established on September 1996 through a consortium of leading fuel distribution companies with the aim of forming a non-governmental organization supporting a spectrum of business activities in the downstream oil industry.